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A central AC unit and a ductless mini-split AC unit side by side.

Choosing the right cooling system for your home is crucial for comfort, efficiency, and cost management. This article dives into the comparison between central air conditioning (AC) systems and mini-split systems, guiding you through the decision-making process.

The Pros and Cons of Central Air Conditioning

Central AC systems are widely used for their ability to cool air in the entire home uniformly. They are hidden from view, offering a seamless look. However, they often require extensive ductwork, which can be costly and invasive to install in homes without existing ducts. Moreover, they can circulate dust and allergens throughout the house and may operate less efficiently due to heat loss in the ductwork.

Pros and Cons of Mini Split Systems

Mini-split systems provide targeted cooling to specific areas, allowing for individual temperature control in each room. This can lead to significant energy savings as you only cool the spaces in use. Installation of a ductless system is less invasive, making it ideal for older homes or extensions without ductwork.

On the downside, mini split units are visible inside the home, which may not appeal to everyone, and the upfront cost can be higher than traditional AC systems.

Central AC vs Ductless Mini Split: Energy Efficiency

When it comes to energy efficiency, mini-splits often have the upper hand. They avoid the energy loss associated with ductwork, which can account for more than 30% of energy consumption for space conditioning. Mini-splits also use inverter technology that allows the compressor to vary its speed, drastically reducing energy consumption.

Multiple Zones

A woman adjusting the temperature of a ductless AC in the living room.

Mini-split systems excel in creating multiple cooling and heating zones within a home, allowing for independent temperature control in each area. This capability enables occupants to customize comfort levels in different rooms, ensuring energy is used only where needed. For example, you can maintain a cooler temperature in the living room during the day and adjust the bedrooms for comfort at night, without wasting energy on cooling unoccupied spaces.

In contrast, central AC systems generally cool the entire home to a single temperature. Although zoning can be achieved through ductwork modifications, it is less efficient and more costly than the built-in zoning capabilities of ductless mini splits.

Central Air Conditioner vs Mini Split System: Costs

Installation

The cost of installing a central air conditioning system largely depends on your home’s existing infrastructure. For homes with ductwork and furnaces already in place, central air systems can be more affordable due to the reduced need for additional installations. However, if your home lacks ductwork, the financial equation shifts.

Installing new ductwork and a furnace for a central air system involves significant expenses, including labour for cutting into walls and floors, and the cost of materials. This process is both costly and disruptive, requiring a considerable initial investment.

On the other hand, mini-split systems offer a cost-effective solution for homes without ductwork. These systems bypass the need for extensive installation work by connecting an outdoor unit to indoor air handlers through small conduits. This setup minimizes installation costs and structural alterations, making mini splits an attractive option for efficient climate control in homes lacking pre-existing HVAC infrastructure.

A homeowner changing the air filter in his mini-split air conditioner.

Ongoing costs

Mini-split systems not only offer lower ongoing costs due to their energy efficiency but also benefit from potentially lower maintenance expenses. Their design allows for straightforward access to filters and other components, making routine cleaning and servicing less complicated and often less frequent than with traditional central AC systems.

Regular maintenance tasks, such as cleaning the filters, can often be performed by the homeowner, reducing the need for professional AC maintenance services. Additionally, because mini-splits operate with fewer moving parts and without the need for ductwork, there’s less wear and tear over time, further minimizing the likelihood of costly repairs.

This combination of efficient operation and simpler maintenance requirements contributes to the overall cost-effectiveness of mini-split systems in the long run.

An outdoor central AC unit.

Noise Levels

Mini-split air conditioners are generally quieter than central air conditioning systems. The design of mini-splits, with noisier components located outside, keeps most operational noise outside of the living areas. Central air systems, however, tend to produce more noise due to their extensive ductwork and centralized indoor units, which can amplify and carry sound throughout a home.

Durability

The durability of your AC systems is noteworthy, yet their longevity can greatly depend on regular maintenance and the pattern of usage. Central air conditioning systems, with diligent upkeep, are known to serve reliably for about 15-20 years. On the other hand, a ductless system can often surpass this range, offering up to 20 years or more of efficient cooling and heating. This extended lifespan is partly due to the less invasive operation of mini-splits and the absence of ductwork, which can deteriorate over time and affect the system’s efficiency and durability. Ensuring regular maintenance, such as cleaning filters and scheduling professional check-ups, can maximize the lifespan of either system, making them both solid investments for long-term climate control solutions.

Which System Should You Choose?

A mini-split AC unit installed on a wall.

1. Which System Fits Your Home’s Space Requirements

Ductless mini-split systems shine in smaller homes or specific rooms that lack existing ductwork, offering a flexible and efficient solution for targeted cooling and heating. These systems can be installed in individual areas, making them a versatile option for homes where adding ductwork is impractical or too costly. On the other hand, central AC systems are designed to cool larger homes more uniformly, making them an ideal choice for spacious environments where consistent temperature control throughout the house is a priority. The choice between the two depends on the size of your home and your cooling needs.

2. Consider the Current HVAC and Ductwork System

For homes already equipped with ductwork, a central AC system often emerges as a more cost-effective solution. The infrastructure is in place, making the integration of a new central AC unit more straightforward and less expensive. However, in homes without an existing ductwork system, the installation of mini splits presents a less invasive and more economical alternative. Without the need for extensive duct installation, mini splits can be easily added to any space, providing efficient cooling and heating with minimal structural impact.

3. Consider the Cost Associated

When weighing the financial aspects, it’s essential to consider both the upfront installation costs and the long-term operating expenses. A ductless mini-split system generally requires a higher initial investment, especially if multiple indoor units are needed for different rooms. However, their superior energy efficiency often leads to significant savings on utility bills over time, making them a cost-effective choice in the long run. In contrast, while the initial setup of a central AC system might be less expensive in homes with existing ductwork, the potential for higher energy consumption and ongoing costs should be carefully evaluated.

The Bottom Line

Choosing between a central AC and a mini-split system comes down to your home’s specific needs, existing infrastructure, and budget. Consider the long-term energy savings, comfort, and installation requirements. Whichever system you choose, ensure it’s properly sized for your space to maximize efficiency and comfort. You should always consider hiring a reputable HVAC company to install any type of cooling system for your home to ensure safety and efficiency.